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The Integrated and Sustainable Rural Development Strategy (ISRDS) is designed to realize a vision that will “attain socially cohesive an stable rural communities with viable institutions, sustainable economies and universal access to social amenities, able to attract and retain skilled and knowledgable people, who equipped to contribute to growth and development ”.

The debate about the efficacy of fiscal policy has remained unresolved in economics for almost a century. This paper provides a brief overview of international and South African debates and research about fiscal multipliers, which measure the efficacy of fiscal policy. This paper’s objective is to inform South African debates about the feasibility of introducing a Basic Income Guarantee (BIG).

The Studies in Poverty and Inequality Institute (SPII) decided to launch its Basic Needs Basket research programme. The Basic Needs Basket is a monthly survey of the cost of essential food and non- food items that comprise the minimum basket of goods needed for an averaged sized family to survive with a decent and healthy standard of living.